تجارب زیسته نوجوانان دختر از رفتارهای خود اسیب رسان(یک مطالعه کیفی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره خانواده ، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان سنندج، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد مشاور خانواده، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: دانش آموزان و سلامت آنان یک مسئله بسیار حیاتی و ضروری است، بنابراین توجه به‌سلامت روانی دانش آموزان و به‌ویژه دختران از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. مطالعه حاضر باهدف توصیف تجارب زیسته دانش آموزان در رفتارهای خود آسیب‌رسان (NSSI) بود.
روش: جامعه موردمطالعه شامل همه دانش آموران 13 تا 16 ساله که درسال 1396 به مشاوران مدارس شهر سنندج مراجعه کردند. نمونه‌ها به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی موردمطالعه قرار گرفتند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، از مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته استفاده گردید. اطلاعات خام با استفاده از روش Colaizzi مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: عوامل مختلفی منجر به خود آسیب‌رسانی (NSSI) دختران نوجوان می‌شود؛ که در سه دسته‌ی مؤلفه‌های اصلی: عوامل روان‌شناختی، عوامل ارتباطی و عوامل خانوادگی و مؤلفه‌های فرعی: تجربه آسیب روانی، خود تنبیه گری، خطاهای شناختی، عدم کنترل هیجانی، یأس و استیصال، همنوایی هیجانی، فقدان جرأ‌‌تمندی سازگارانه، پذیرش مثبت در دنیای مجازی، خلأ عاطفی خانواده، انتقادگری والدین جای می‌گیرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها نشان داد که سه دسته از عوامل روان‌شناختی، ارتباطی و خانوادگی، در گرایش دختران به (NSSI) مؤثر هستند. متخصصان می‌توانند با کنترل این عوامل و بهبود وضعیت روان‌شناختی، ارتباطی و خانوادگی این دانش آموزان؛ از راهبردهای مداخله‌ای مناسب در جهت کاهش اقدام به (NSSI) در دانش آموزان استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Living experiences of female adolescents from Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behaviors (a qualitative study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farnaz Azadbakht 1
  • Ahmad amani 2
  • somayh ramezani 3
1 MSc, in Family Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Consulting, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 MSc in Family Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Adolescents and their health is a significantly crucial issue. Thus, devoting attention to adolescents’ mental health, especially girls’, takes on an immense importance. The present study aims at describing teenage girls’ experiences with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors .
Methodology: The population under study comprises of all teenage girls aged between 13 to 16 years old who went to psychological and counseling services clinics in Sanandaj in the first six months of 1396.
Participants were chosen purposefully and were studied by employing the phenomenological approach. The purposeful sampling was continued to the point of data saturation. The interview was carried out with nine qualified participants. A semi-structured deep interview was used for data collection, and the transcendental phenomenological model (Moustaks, 1994) was adopted to analyze the collected data. Raw data was analyzed by the application of Colaizzi method.

Findings: Diverse factors lead to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in teenage girls; they can be categorized into three groups of main components: cognitive factors, relationship factors and family factors; of subcomponents: experience of mental trauma, self-punishment, cognitive errors, lack of emotional control, despair and desperation, emotional empathy, adaptive assertiveness, positive admission in virtual world, the emotional vacuum of family and parental criticism.
Conclusions: Findings revealed that three groups of factors, namely psychological, family and relationship, are influential in teenage girls’ proclivity towards NSSI. By controlling these factors and improving the teenagers’ psychological, relationship and family status, clinicians can use appropriate intervention strategies in order to reduce teenage girls’ attempt at NSSI.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: teenage
  • qualitative study
  • female adolescents
  • Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI)

مراجع

احمدی، ج.، هارون‌رشیدی، ه.، و کاظمیان‌مقدم، ک. (۱۴۰4). اثربخشی ذهن‌آگاهی کودک‌محور بر کارکرد اجرایی، خودپنداره و خودنظم‌دهی دانش‌آموزان با اختلال یادگیری. مجله ناتوانی‌های یادگیری، 14(3)، 1-15.  [ 10.22098/jld.2025.15831.2197]
داداش‌زاده‌کله‌سر، ر.، نریمانی، م.، و رضایی‌راد، م. (۱۴۰۰). نقش تاب‌آوری، تنظیم هیجان و خودکارآمدی در پیش‌بینی فرسودگی تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان دختر در مدارس متوسطه دوم شهر اردبیل. روان‌شناسی مدرسه و آموزشگاه، ۱۰(۱)، ۵۸‒۷۱.    [10.22098/jsp.2021.1139]
Ahmadi, J., Haroonrashidi, H., & Kazemian Moghadam, K. (2025). Effectiveness of child‑centered mindfulness on executive functioning, self‑concept, and self‑regulation in students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14(3), 1–15. (Persian) [DOI: 10.22098/jld.2025.15831.2197]
Ammerman, B. A., Jacobucci, R., Kleiman, E. M., Uyeji, L. L., & McCloskey, M. S. (2018). The relationship between nonsuicidal self‐injury age of onset and severity of self‐harm. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 48(1), 31-37. [DOI:10.1111/sltb.12330]
Andover, M. S., & Morris, B. W. (2014). Expanding and clarifying the role of emotion regulation in nonsuicidal self-injury. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(11), 569-575. [DOI:10.1177%2F070674371405901102]
Arbuthnott, A. E., & Lewis, S. P. (2015). Parents of youth who self-injure: a review of the literature and implications for mental health professionals. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1), 1-20. [DOI: 10.1186/s13034-015-0066-3]
Armey, M. F., Crowther, J. H., & Miller, I. W. (2011). Changes in ecological momentary assessment reported affect associated with episodes of nonsuicidal self-injury. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 579-588. [DOI:10.1016/j.beth.2011.01.002]
Bentley, K. H., Cassiello-Robbins, C. F., Vittorio, L., Sauer-Zavala, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2015). The association between nonsuicidal self-injury and the emotional disorders: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 37, 72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.006 ]
Brown, R. C., & Plener, P. L. (2017). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(3), 1-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.006]
Bureau, J.-F., Martin, J., Freynet, N., Poirier, A. A., Lafontaine, M.-F., & Cloutier, P. (2010). Perceived dimensions of parenting and non-suicidal self-injury in young adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(5), 484-494. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-009-9470-4]
Dadashzadeh Kaleh Sar, R., Narimani, M., & Rezaei Rad, M. (2021). The role of resilience, emotion regulation, and self‑efficacy in predicting academic burnout among female high school students in Ardabil. Journal of School Psychology and Institutions, 10(1), 58–71. (Persian) [DOI: 10.22098/jsp.2021.1139]
De Wet, C. (2010). The reasons for and the impact of principal-on-teacher bullying on the victims’ private and professional lives. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(7), 1450-1459. [DOI:10.1016/j.tate.2010.05.005]
Dick, B., & Ferguson, B. J. (2015). Health for the world's adolescents: a second chance in the second decade. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), 3-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.260]
Guerry, J. D., & Prinstein, M. J. (2009). Longitudinal prediction of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: Examination of a cognitive vulnerability-stress model. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(1), 77-89. [DOI: 10.1080/15374410903401195]
Herzog, T. K., Hill-Chapman, C., Hardy, T. K., Wrighten, S. A., & El-Khabbaz, R. (2015). Trait emotion, emotional regulation, and parenting styles. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 5(2), 119. [DOI:10.5539/jedp.v5n2p119]
Hilt, L. M., & Hamm, E. H. (2014). Peer influences on non-suicidal self-injury and disordered eating Non-suicidal self-injury in eating disorders (pp. 255-272): Springer. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40107-7_15]
Kim, K. L., Galione, J., Schettini, E., DeYoung, L. L., Gilbert, A. C., Jenkins, G. A., . . . Kudinova, A. Y. (2020). Do styles of emotion dysregulation differentiate adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury from those attempting suicide? Psychiatry Research, 291, 113240. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113240]
Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychological Medicine, 41(9), 1981-1986. [DOI: 10.1017/S0033291710002497]
Liu, C.-R., Wan, L.-P., Liu, B.-P., Jia, C.-X., & Liu, X. (2022). Depressive symptoms mediate the association between maternal authoritarian parenting and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents. Journal of affective disorders, 305, 213-219. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.008]
Martin, G., Swannell, S., Harrison, J., Hazell, P., & Taylor, A. (2010). The Australian national epidemiological study of self-injury (ANESSI).
Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., Cheng, J. Y., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: Experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66(2), 116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.017]
Morgan, C., Webb, R. T., Carr, M. J., Kontopantelis, E., Green, J., Chew-Graham, C. A., . . . Ashcroft, D. M. (2017). Incidence, clinical management, and mortality risk following self harm among children and adolescents: cohort study in primary care. BMJ, 359. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.j4351]
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Xhunga, N., & Brausch, A. M. (2018). Self-injury age of onset: A risk factor for NSSI severity and suicidal behavior. Archives of suicide Sesearch. [DOI:10.1080/13811118.2018.1486252]
Nagra, G. S., Lin, A., & Upthegrove, R. (2016). What bridges the gap between self-harm and suicidality? The role of forgiveness, resilience and attachment. Psychiatry Research, 241, 78-82. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.103]
Nicol, A., Kavanagh, P. S., Murray, K., & Mak, A. S. (2022). Emotion regulation as a mediator between early maladaptive schemas and non-suicidal self-injury in youth. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbct.2022.05.001]
Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of linical Psychology, 6(1), 339-363. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258]
Petermann, F., & Nitkowski, D. (2010). Nonsuicidal-self-injury: characteristics, assessment and risk factors. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie, 61(1), 6-15. [DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1255086 ]
Speziale, H. S., Streubert, H. J., & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., & St John, N. J. (2014). Prevalence of nonsuicidal self‐injury in nonclinical samples: Systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 44(3), 273-303. [DOI:10.1111/sltb.12070]
Vickers, N. J. (2017). Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too? Current biology, 27(14), R713-R715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.064]
Voon, D., Hasking, P., & Martin, G. (2014). Emotion regulation in first episode adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: What difference does a year make? Journal of Adolescence, 37(7), 1077-1087. [DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.020]
Wadman, R., Vostanis, P., Sayal, K., Majumder, P., Harroe, C., Clarke, D., . . . Townsend, E. (2018). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of young people's self-harm in the context of interpersonal stressors and supports: Parents, peers, and clinical services. Social Science & Medicine, 212, 120-128. [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.021]
Walsh, B., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2013). Managing nonsuicidal self-injury in schools: Use of a structured protocol to manage the behavior and prevent social contagion. Paper presented at the School Psychology Forum.
Wang, Y., Luo, B., Hong, B., Yang, M., Zhao, L., & Jia, P. (2022). The relationship between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: A structural equation modeling analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 309, 193-200. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.124]
Wang, Y., Zhou, X., Cao, B., Chen, L., Wang, R., Qi, L., . . . Wang, W. (2022). The psychological characteristics and risk factors of suicidal attempt among mood disorders adolescents accompany with non-suicidal self-injury: A multi-center study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 298, 301-307. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.130]
Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Purington, A., Eckenrode, J., Barreira, P., Baral Abrams, G., . . . Chin, C. (2011). Nonsuicidal self-injury in a college population: General trends and sex differences. Journal of American College Health, 59(8), 691-698. [DOI:10.1080/07448481.2010.529626]
Wolff, J. C., Thompson, E., Thomas, S. A., Nesi, J., Bettis, A. H., Ransford, B., . . . Liu, R. T. (2019). Emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 59, 25-36. [DOI:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.03.004]
Zare, E., Simbar, M., Shahhosseini, Z., & Alavi Majd, H. (2017). The priorities of Iranian male adolescents health needs. American Journal of Men's Health, 11(4), 1255-1259. [DOI:10.1177%2F1557988317693346]
Zhu, J., Chen, Y., & Su, B. (2020). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: Longitudinal evidence of recursive associations with adolescent depression and parental rejection. Journal of Adolescence, 84, 36-44. [DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.08.002 ]
روان شناسی مدرسه و آموزشگاه
دوره 14، شماره 2
تیر 1404
صفحه 1-11

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار