University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of School Psychology 22520821 12 3 2023 09 23 Development and validation of an academic goal-setting questionnaire for middle school students Development and validation of an academic goal-setting questionnaire for middle school students 47 31 2439 10.22098/jsp.2023.8219.4592 FA Farzin Haqnazari Ph.D. candidate of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for cognitive and brain sciences, Shahid Behseshti University, Tehran, Iran. Vahid Nejati Professor of psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences,, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. HamidReza Pouretemad Professor of neuro-psychology, Institute for cognitive and brain sciences, Shahid Behseshti University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2020 12 28 Objective: Goal-setting is a process to set desired future end-states that the person wants to attain. In this study, we developed and validated a student goal-setting questionnaire. <br />Methods: Given the goal-setting theory and goal imagery, 29 items within 5 factors were designed for the assessment of educational goal-setting. 10 experts in psychology and 1332 (middle school) students participated in a cross-sectional design. <br />Results: All of the items were approved by the impact score of face validity, but content validity verified only 22 items. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the five-factor model of the questionnaire and explanatory factor analysis extracted the five factors from the 22 items. As for criterion validity, the questionnaire could predict 20% and 28% of the variance of grade goal and average final grade, respectively. Concerning the concurrent validity of the questionnaire, achievement goals could predict 21% of the variance of the goal-setting questionnaire. Moreover, Cronbach’s α showed that the questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency (over .70). <br />Conclusion: The Academic Goal-Setting Questionnaire which was designed in this study for middle-school students had acceptable validity and reliability and could predict academic performance more than the other well-known questionnaires such as the Achievement Goals Questionnaire. Objective: Goal-setting is a process to set desired future end-states that the person wants to attain. In this study, we developed and validated a student goal-setting questionnaire. <br />Methods: Given the goal-setting theory and goal imagery, 29 items within 5 factors were designed for the assessment of educational goal-setting. 10 experts in psychology and 1332 (middle school) students participated in a cross-sectional design. <br />Results: All of the items were approved by the impact score of face validity, but content validity verified only 22 items. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the five-factor model of the questionnaire and explanatory factor analysis extracted the five factors from the 22 items. As for criterion validity, the questionnaire could predict 20% and 28% of the variance of grade goal and average final grade, respectively. Concerning the concurrent validity of the questionnaire, achievement goals could predict 21% of the variance of the goal-setting questionnaire. Moreover, Cronbach’s α showed that the questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency (over .70). <br />Conclusion: The Academic Goal-Setting Questionnaire which was designed in this study for middle-school students had acceptable validity and reliability and could predict academic performance more than the other well-known questionnaires such as the Achievement Goals Questionnaire. https://jsp.uma.ac.ir/article_2439_94cf5274863dd529c04043a72cc19390.pdf