The role of resilience and parenting styles in predicting parental stress of mothers of students with ADHD / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University. Iran.

10.22098/jsp.2022.1454

Abstract

Objective:  The aim of this study was to predict parental stress based on resilience and parenting styles of mothers of students with ADHD.
Methods:  The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with students with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder aged 7-12 years. They had received attention. The sample of this study was 125 mothers of students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder aged 7-12 years who were selected from the centers (Delgsha and Hafez) using purposive sampling. In addition to psychiatrist diagnosis and diagnostic interview, Abdin (1990) Parental Stress Scale Questionnaire, Her and Don Resilience Questionnaire (2003) and Diana Bamrind (1972) Parenting Styles Questionnaire were used to collect data.
Results  Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between resilience and parental stress (r = -0.574) and authoritarian parenting style and parental stress (r = -0.478), so that with increasing sway Parenting stress is reduced. There was also a significant positive relationship between authoritarian and negligent parenting and parental stress. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that 37% of the total variance of parental stress was explained by the variables entered in the model.
Conclusion:  Therefore, by teaching resilience to mothers of students with ADHD, as well as choosing an authoritative parenting style, it can help reduce the severity and incidence of parental stress.

Keywords


 

 

 

امیری مقدم، علی؛ سودانی، منصور؛ خجسته مهر، رضا و مهرابی زاده هنرمند، مهناز. (1399). شناسایی عوامل تاب‌آوری در مادران کودکان دارای اختلال بیش‌فعالی-نقص توجه. مجله پزشکی جندی شاپور، 19(2)، 242-228.
رستم اوغلی، زهرا؛ طالبی جویباری، مسعود و پرزور، پرویز. (1394). مقایسه‌ی سبک‌های اسنادی و تاب آوری در دانش‌آموزان با اختلال یادگیری خاص، نابینا و عادی. مجله ناتوانی‌های یادگیری، 4(3)، 39-55. http://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_277.html
درخشان‌پور، فیروزه؛ خاکی، سعیده؛ شاهینی، نجمه؛ وکیلی، محمدعلی؛ ثاقبی، سیدعلی. (1395).  ارتباط سلامت روانی مادران با سبک فرزندپروری در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال بیش‌فعالی و نقص توجه. مجله­ی اصول بهداشت روانی، سال 18(3)، 155-151.
شیرزادی، پرستو؛ فرامرزی، سالار؛ قاسمی، مسلم و شفیعی، میثم. (1393). بررسی روایی و اعتبار فرم کوتاه شاخص استرس فرزندپروری (PSI-SF). رویش روان شناسی، ۳(۴)، ۹۱-110.
عبدی، فاطمه؛ بنی جمالی، شکوه السادات؛ احدی، حسن و کوشکی، شیرین(1398). بررسی ویژگی های روانسنجی مقیاس تاب‌آوری کانور_دیویدسون در زنان مبتلا سرطان پستان. فصلنامه پژوهش در سلامت روانشناختی، 13(2)، 99-81.
عینی، ساناز؛ عبادی، متینه و ترابی، نغمه. (1399). تدوین مدل اضطراب کرونا در دانشجویان براساس حس انسجام و تاب آوری: نقش میانجی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده. فرهنگ مشاوره و رواندرمانی، 11(43)، 1-32. 10.22054/qccpc.2020.51656.2376
متین، حسین؛ احمدی، صدیقه؛ جلالی، مرضیه. (1397). پدیدارشناسی تجارب مادران با فرزند مبتلا به ناتوانی یادگیری. مجله روان شناسی خانواده، 5(2)، 64-53.
مهدی‌زاده، مهری. (1398). بررسی علائم اختلال نقص توجه- بیش‌فعالی در دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی کهنوج. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی و احد یاسوج.
میکاییلی، نیلوفر؛ گنجی، مسعود و طالبی جویباری، مسعود. (1391). مقایسه تاب‌آوری، رضایت زناشویی و سلامت روان در والدین با کودکان دارای ناتوانی یادگیری و عادی. ناتوانی های یادگیری، 2(1). 137-120.
Abdi, F., Bani Jamali, Sh.S., Ahadi, H., &  Koushki, Sh. (2019). Evaluation of psychometric properties of Connor-Davidson resilience scale in women with breast cancer. Journal of Research in Mental Health, 13 (2), 99-81.(Persian)
Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index-short form. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.
Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting stress index: Manual (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Amiri Moghadam, A., Sudani, M., Khojasteh Mehr, R., & Mehrabizadeh Artist, M. (2020). Identification of resilience factors in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Jundishapur Medical Journal. 19 (2): 242-228. (Persian)
Asherson,P.(2016). ADHD across the lifespan. Medicine, 44 (11), 683-686.
Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.(3rd ed.) New York: Guilford Press.
Barkley, R.A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
Baumrind, D. (1991). Effetive parenting during the early adoiescent transition In P.A.Cowan & E.M.Hetherington (Eds), Family tranaitions, 2, 111- 163, MillsdalenJ: Erlbaum..
Benson, P., & Kersh, J. (2011). Marital quality and psychological adjustment among mothers  of children with ASD: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships.  Journal  of  Autism  &  Developmental  Disorders,  41(12), 1675–1685.
Campbell-Sills, L., & Stein, M. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of traumatic stress, 20 6, 1019-28. [Doi: 10.1002/jts.20271]
Chapman, M. (2013). An investigation into the parental stress levels of families who have children with severe developmental disabilities using residential short breaks: a contributing factor of its stress reduction impact. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2460/1/Chapman_Mark.pdf
Deater-Deckard, K. (2008). Parenting Stress: . New Haven: Yale University Press. [Doi:10.12987/yale/9780300103939.001.0001]
Derakhshanpour, F.,  Khaki, S., Shahini, N., Vakili, M.A., & Saqibi, S. A. (2016). The relationship between mothers' mental health and parenting style in children with ADHD. Journal of Principles of Mental Health, Year 18 (3). 155-151. (Persian)
Everett. C. A. (1999). Family therapy for ADHD: Treating children, adolescents, and adult. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1999-04197-000
Eyni, S., Ebadi, M., & Torabi, N. (2020). Developing a model of corona anxiety in students Based on optimism and resilience: The mediating role of the perceived social support. Culture Counseling, 11(43),1-32. (Persian) 10.22054/qccpc.2020.51656.2376
Fabiano, G. A., Pelham, W. E., Coles, E. K.Gnagy, E. M., Chronis-Tuscano, A. C., & Oconner, B. C. (2009),A meta-analysis of behavioral treatment for attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Clinical psychology Review 29.129 -140. [Doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.11.001]
Malveiro, M. V. D. S. G. (2013). Stress parental e perfil de funcionalidade/incapacidade: Um estudo com famílias de crianças dos 0 aos 6 anosapoiadaspelasequipasdeintervençãoprecoce da zona de Setubal (Doctoral dissertation).
Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2017). Academic resilience and its sychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 267−282. [Doi: 10.1002/PITS.20149]
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary majic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychology, 56, 227-238. [Doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227]
Matin, H., Ahmadi, S., & Jalali, M. (2017). Phenomenology of mothers' experiences with children with learning disabilities. Journal of Family Psychology. 5 (2): 64-53.(Persian)
Mehdizadeh, M. (2018). Evaluation of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Kahnooj primary school students. Master Thesis in General Psychology, Islamic Azad University and Ahad Yasuj.(Persian)
Mikaeli, N., Ganji, M., & Talebi Joybari, M. (2011). Comparison of resilience, marital satisfaction and mental health in parents with children with learning disabilities and normal. Learning disabilities. 2 (1). 137-120.(Persian) http://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_115.html?lang=en
PV, A. H., & Haris, F. (2018). Parental stress and coping strategies among  parents of autistic children. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 9(6).
Rabiner CD. Stress and coping in parents of children with ADHD. 2002. Available from: URL: www.helpforadd.Com/2002/September.html. Accessed at 2007
Rivard, M., & Terroux, A. (2014). Determinants of stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and  Developmental Disorders, 44(7), 1609-1620. [Doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-2028-z]
Rostamoghli, Z., Talebi Joybari, M., & Porzoor, P. (2015). A comparison of attributional and resiliency style in students with specific learning disorders, blindness and normal. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 4(3), 39-55. (Persian) http://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_277.html?lang=en
Sadock,  B.  J.  ,  Sadock.V.  A.,  &  Kaplan.  (2003):  Synopses  of    psychiatry  (ninth  edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott William & willkins.
Sanders, M. R. (2005). Triple P: A multi-level system of parenting intervention: Workshop participant notes. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Shirzadi, P., Faramarzi, S., Qasemi, M., & Shafi'i, M. (2015). Validity and validity of the short form of parenting stress index (PSI-SF). Developmental Psychology, 3 (4), 91-110. (Persian)
Shtayermman, O. (2013). Stress and marital satisfaction of parents to children diagnosed with autism. Journal of family social work, 16(3), 243-259. [Doi: 10.1080/10522158.2013.786777]