An investigation of the psychometric characteristics of persian version of the dependency-oriented and achievement-oriented psychological control Scale in high school students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A student in psychology of Semnan University

2 Assistant Professor EducationalPsychology, University of Semnan

3 M.A student in clinical psychology of Semnan University

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale in high school students. The method of this study was descriptive and correlational. All high schools of Dehdasht during the school year of 2013-2014 formed the population of the study. 310 students were selected by random multistage cluster sampling. All of the students completed psychological control scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that this scale was saturated with two factors, Dependency-Oriented psychological control and Achievement-Oriented psychological control. The validity of Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale obtained 0.88 for the whole scale and each of the subscales including Dependency-Oriented Psychological Control obtained 0.86 and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control obtained 0.83 by Cronbach alpha which showed the high power of the instruments. The results showed that Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale had acceptable psychometric properties for high school students and it can be used as a reliable instrument in psychological studies.

Keywords


اکبری بلوطبنگان، افضل و رضایی، علی‌محمد (1393). ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس خودیابی (SDS) بر اساس تئوری‌های مختلف شخصیت در دانشجویان. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی، 6(3)، 68-55.
رجبی، غلامرضا و نسرین، بهلول (1386). سنجش پایایی و روایی مقیاس عزت نفس روزنبرگ در دانشجویان سال اول دانشگاه شهید چمران. مجله پژوهش‌های تربیتی و روا نشناختی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه روان‌شناسی  اصفهان، 2(8)، 48-33.
Akbari Blvtbngan, A., & Rezaei, A. M. (2014). Construction and Validation of a Scale self-discovery (SDS) based on different theories of personality in students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6(3), 55-68. (Persian)
Aslan, S. (2011). The analysis of relationship between schools bullying, perceived parenting styles and self-esteem in adolescents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1798 -1800.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296–3319.
Barber, B. K., & Harmon, E. L. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescents. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 15–52). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Blatt, S. J. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 29(10), 7–157.
Blatt, S. J. (2004). Experiences of depression: Theoretical, clinical, and research perspectives. Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association.
Cacioppo, M., Pace, U., & Zappulla, C. (2013). Parental psychological control, quality of family context and life satisfaction among Italian adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 6, 179–191.
Keener, D. C., Allen, J. P. (2010). The Relationship between Adolescent Ego Development and Patterns of Parental Control. Distinguished Majors Thesis University of Virginia.
Laghi, F., Baiocco, R., Lonigro, A., & Baumgartner, E. (2013). The role of parenting styles and alcohol expectancies in teen binge drinking: A Preliminary Investigation among Italian Adolescents and their parents. Drugs: Education Prevention & Policy, 20, 131–139.
Mantzouranis, G., Zimmermann, G., Biermann-Mahaim, E., & Favez, N. (2012). A further examination of the distinction between dependency-oriented and achievement-oriented parental psychological control: Psychometric properties of the DAPCS with French-speaking late adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 726–733.
Mayseless, O., & Scharf, M. (2009). Too close for comfort: inadequate boundaries with parents and individuation in late adolescent girls. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 7(9), 191–202.
Pace, U., & Zappulla, C. (2011). Problem behaviors in adolescence: The opposite role played by insecure attachment and commitment strength. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 854–862.
Pettit, G. S., & Laird, R. D. (2002). Psychological control and monitoring in early adolescence: The role of parental involvement and earlier child adjustment. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 97–124). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Rajabi, G., & Bohloul, N. (2007). Assess the reliability and validity of the Rosenberg self-esteem in students the first year of martyr Chamran University. Journal of Educational Research and psychological Faculty of Education and Psychology University of Isfahan, 2(8), 33-48. (Persian)
Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2012). The cross-cultural significance of control and autonomy in parent-adolescent relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 243–248.
Soenens, B., & Park, S. Y. (2008). Distinguishing between separationanxious and achievement-oriented psychological control: A cross-national comparison between Belgium and South-Korea. Paper presented at the Biennial meeting of the European Association for Research on Adolescence, Torino: Italy.
Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Luyten, P. (2010). Toward a domain-specific approach to the study of parental psychological control: Distinguishing between dependency-oriented and achievement-oriented psychological control. Journal of Personality, 78, 217–256.
Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2005). Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations: The mediational link between psychological control and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 487–498.
Vandeleur, C. L., Perrez, M. & Schoebi, D. (2007). Associations between Measures of Emotion and Familial Dynamics in Normative Families with Adolescents. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 66, 5-16.