Developing and preparation of school bonding questionnaire (SBQ) in students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

2 Associated Professor of counseling and educational psychology, Tehran University

3 Associate Professor of demographi, Tehran University

4 Associate Professor of counseling and educational psychology, Tehran University

jsp-3-1-93-3-4

Abstract

The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing
students’ school bonding. The method used in this study was mixed research
method and the research population included all students in all levels of
Ardebil in 2011-2012 academic year. In the part of focal discussion a
sample including 12 groups with 84 school students (42 female and 42
male) were selected in a purposeful manner from schools of different areas
and were interviewed in groups with seven students. In quantitative
research, 1071 students were chosen through multiple steps random
sampling. The result of the validation through internal consistency method
based on alpha Cronbach was 0.93. Evaluation of the content validity,
predictive and construct validity of the questionnaire confirmed the validity
of the questionnaire. The results obtained from exploratory and
confirmatory factor analyses revealed that School Bonding Questionnaire
(SBQ) consists of six factors: attachment to teachers, attachment to school,
attachment to school’s staff, involvement in school, belief and commitment
to school.

Keywords


پناغی، لیلی؛ احمد آبادی، زهره؛ زاده محمدی، علی و پشت مشهدی، مرجان ( 1389 ). ساخت و اعتباریابی
.46-55 ،(1) پرسش نامه ارتباط با مدرسه. مجل هی روانپزشکی و روا نشنای بالینی ایران، 16
حاجلو، نادر و رضایی شریف، علی ( 1390 ). بررسی ویژگی های روا نسنجی پرسش نامه ی مشکلات یادگیری
.24-43 ،(1) کلورادو. ناتوان یهای یادگیری، 1
قاضی طباطبائی، محمود؛ حجازی، الهه و رضائی شریف، علی ( 1389 ). آزمون تئوری های مسأله اجتماعی پیوند
.113-138 ،(2) با مدرسه در بین دانش آموزان مقطع ابتدائی. فص لنام هی بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 1
هومن، حیدر علی ( 1381 ). اندازه گیری های روانی و تربیتی: فن تهیه تست و پرسش نامه. تهران: نشر پارسا.
Anderman, L. H. & Anderman, E. M. (1999). Social predictors of changes in students'
achievement goal orientations. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24( 1), 21-37.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change.
Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Battistich, V., Schaps, E. & Wilson, N. (2004). Effects of an elementary school intervention
on students’ “connectedness” to school and social adjustment during middle school.
Journal of Primary Prevention, 24, 243-262.
Brown, R. & Evans, W. P. (2002). Extracurricular activity and ethnicity: Creating greater
school connection among diverse student populations. Urban Education, 37(1), 41-58.
Catalano, R. & Hawkins, D. (1996). The social development model: A theory of antisocial
behavior. In D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and crime: Current theories (pp. 149-197).
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cernkovich, S. A. & Giordano, P. C. (1992). School bonding, race, and delinquency.
Criminology, 30, 261–291.
Fredericks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C. & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of
the concept, state of the evidence.Review of Educational Research, 74, 59 – 109.
Gottfredson, M. & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford
University Press.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Jenkins, P. (1997). School delinquency and the school social bond. Journal of Research in
Crime and Delinquency, 34, 337-67.
Ma, X. (2003). Sense of belonging to school: Can schools make a difference? Journal of
Educational Research, 96 (6), 340-349.
Journal of school psychology, Spring 2014 مجله ی روان شناسی مدرسه، بهار 1393
Vol.3, No.1/55-67 55-67/ دوره ی 3، شماره ی 1
67
Maddox, s. J. & Prinz, R. J. (2003). School bonding in children and adolescents:
Conceptualization, Assessment, and Associated Variables. Clinical Child and Family
Psychology Review, 6 (1), 31-49.
McNeely, C. A., Nonnemaker, J. M. & Blum, R. W. (2002). Promoting school
connectedness: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.
Journal of School Health, 72(4), 136–146.
Oelsner, J, Lippold, Melissa A. & Greenberg, Mark, T. (2010). Factors influencing the
development of school bonding among middle school students. The Journal of Early
Adolescence. XX(X) 1–25.
Accsess from http://jea.sagepub.com/content/early/2010/04/12/0272431610716244
Osterman, K. (2000). Students’ need for belonging in the school community. Review of
Education Research, 70, 323-367.
Waters, S. & Cross, D. (2010). Measuring students’ connectedness to school, teachers, and
family: validation of three scales. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 164- 177.
Williams, J. H. (1994). Understanding substance use, delinquency involvement, and
juvenile justice system involvement among African American and European American
adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington.