Prevalence of internet addiction and it relationship with academic procrastination and aggression in students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch

2 Assistance Professor of Psychology, Malayer University

10.22098/jsp.2015.356

Abstract

Internet addiction is one of the problems of school students in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of internet addiction and it relationship with academic procrastination and aggression in first grade senior high school students. To this end, 406 high school students in the first grade in Ardabil were selected by clustered sampling. They filled out the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1996), Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) and Aggression Questionnaire (Zahedifar et al., 2000). The study had a cross-sectional design. Pearson correlation and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that 72.4% of students did not have internet addiction, 23.4% were at risk for internet addiction and 4.2% had internet addiction. The results also showed that there was a positive correlation between internet addiction and academic procrastination and aggression. Furthermore, academic procrastination was higher in students with internet addiction and students with potential internet addiction than students without such addiction. Also, aggression was higher in students with internet addiction than students without internet addiction. Thus, the prevalence of internet addiction and its related variables (especially academic procrastination and aggression) among high school students are important for researchers and school counselors.

Keywords


ابوالقاسمی، عباس و نریمانی، محمد.(1384). آزمون‌های روانشناختی. اردبیل: انتشارات باغ رضوان.
جوکار، بهرام.، و دلاورپور، محمدآقا .(1386). رابطه تعلل­ورزی آموزشی با اهداف پیشرفت. اندیشه­های نوین تربیتی، 3(4-3)، 61-80.
پورعبدل، سعید؛ صبحی قراملکی، ناصر و عباسی، مسلم (1394). مقایسه ی اهمال کاری تحصیلی و سرزندگی تحصیلی در دانش‌آموزان با و بدون اختلال یادگیری خاص. مجله ناتوانی‌های یادگیری، 4(3)، 22-38.
زاهدی‌فر، شهین؛ نجاریان، بهمن و شکرکل، حسین(1379) ‌ساخت و اعنباریابی مقیاسی برای سنجش پرخاشگری. مجله علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، 3(7): 73-102.
سعیدی، علی و شکیبا، ابوالقاسم.(1388). روانشناسی وآسیب شناسی ارتباطات اینترنتی. تهران: چاپ دوم، انتشارات سنبله.
خرمایی، فرهاد؛ عباسی، مسلم و رجبی، سعید(1390). مقایسه ی کمال گرایی و تعلل ورزی در مادران دانش‌آموزان با و بدون ناتوانی یادگیری. مجله ناتوانی‌های یادگیری، 1(1)، 60-77.
علوی، سیدسامان؛ اسلامی، مهدی؛ مرآثی، محمد رضا؛ نجفی، مصطفی؛ جنتی پور، فرشته و رضاپور، حسین.(1389). ویژگی‌های روان سنجی آزمون اعتیاد به اینترنت یانگ. مجله علوم رفتاری، 4(3)، 183-189.
قاسم زاده،  لیلی؛ شهرآرای، مهرناز و مرادی،  علیرضا. (1386). بررسی نرخ شیوع اعتیاد به اینترنت در دختران و مقایسه دختران معتاد و غیرمعتاد به اینترنت در متغیرهای تنهایی، عزت نفس و مهارتهای اجتماعی. روانشناسی معاصر،2(1)، 32-38.
قاسم زاده، لیلی؛ شهرآرای، مهرناز و مرادی، علیرضا. (a1386). بررسی میزان شیوع اعتیاد به اینترنت و رابطه آن با تنهایی و عزت نفس در دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی شهر تهران. فصلنامه تعلیم و تربیت، 23(1)، 41-68.
مشایخ، مریم و  برجعلی، احمد. (1382). بررسی رابطه احساس تنهایی با نوع استفاده از اینترنت در گروهی از دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی. تازه‌های علوم شناختی، 5 (1) ، 39-44.
مهرابی، مهناز (1392). رابطه اعتیاد به اینترنت با تعلل ورزی و انگیزش تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان دختر سال اول دبیرستان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان.
Abolghasemi, A., & Narimani, M. (2007). Psychological test. Ardabil: Bag-e-Rezvan Publication.  (Persian)
Alavi, S. S., Eslami, M., Marathi, M., Najafi, M., Jantipoor, F., & Rezapoor, H. (2010). Psychometric qualities of internet addiction scale of Young. Journal of behavioral Science, 4(3), 183-189. (Persian)
Chen, Y. F., & Peng, S. (2008). University students' Internet use and its relationships with academic performance, interpersonal relationships, psychosocial adjustment, and self-evaluation. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(4), 467-469.
Chou, C., & Hsiao, M. (2000). Internet addiction, usage, gratification, and pleasure experience: the Taiwan college students’ case. Computer and Education archive, 35(1), 65-80.
Dong, G.Q.L., Zhou, H., & Zhao, X (2011). Precursor or Sequela: Pathological Disorders in People with Internet Addiction Disorder. Plos One, 6(2), 1-5.
Ellis, A., Cnaus, W.J.(2002). Overcoming procrastination (Rev. Ed). New York: New American Library.
Ghasemzadeh, L., Shahraray, M. & Moradi, A. (2007). Prevalence of internet addiction in females and comparsion of addicted and non-addicted to internet females in lonely, self-esteem and social skills. Contemporary Psychology, 2(1), 32-38. (Persian)
Ghasemzadeh, L., Shahraray, M. & Moradi, A. (2007). Prevalence of internet addiction in female’s high school student of Tehran. Journal of Education, 23(1), 41-61. (Persian)
Grüsser, S.M., Thalemann, R., & Griffiths, M.D. (2007). Excessive computer game playing: evidence for addiction and aggression? Cyber Psychology & Behavior,  10(2), 290-292.
Javkar, B., & Delavarpoor, M. (2007). Relationship between academic procrastination and goals achievement. New Thoughts in Education, 3(3-4), 61-80.
Kaplan, B.J., & Sadok .H.I., (2002). Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams.
Ko ,C. H., Yen, J. U., Liu, S. C., Huang, C. F., Yen, C. F. (2009). The Associations between Aggressive Behaviors and Internet Addiction and Online Activities in Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(6), 598-605.
Khormaee, F., Abbasi, M. & Rajabi, S. (2011). A Comparison of Perfectionism and Procrastination in Mothers of Students with and without Learning Disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1 (1), 60-77. (Persian)
Kuss, d, j., Griffiths, M, D., & Binder, J. F. (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959–966.
Li, H., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2009). A survey on the generalized problematic internet use in Chinese college students and its relations to stressful life events and coping style. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7(2), 333-346.
Lubbers, M. J., Van Der Werf, M. P.C., Kuyper, H., & Hendriks, A.A. J. (2010). Does homework behavior mediate the relation between personality and academic performance? Learning and Individual Differences, 20)3), 203-208.
Man, S.L.(2006). Prediction of internet addiction for undergraduates in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Baptist University Publication.
Mashaei, N., Asadpour., Pourrashidi Boshrabadi, A., Rezahosseini, Ayatollahi, A., Bidaki, R., & Arab BaniAsad, F. (2013). The Prevalence Of Internet Addiction Among The Students Of Rafsanjan University Of Medical Sciences. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 14 (2), 109-115. (Persian)
Mashaiekh, M., & Borjali, A. (2003). Relationship between lonelyfelling and using the internet among High school students.Advances in Cognitive Science, 5(1), 39-44. (Persian).
Mehrabi, M. (2013). Relationship between internet addiction with procrastination and academic motivation in grade 1 high school students. Thesis dissertation of M. A in psychology, Islamic Azad University of Hamedan branch. (Persian)
Mehroof, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010). online gaming addiction: the role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Cyber psychology Behavior and Social Networking, 13(3), 313-6.
Murali, V., & George, S. (2007). Lost online: an overview of internet addiction. Adv Psychiatr Treat, 13, 24-30.
Nasiri, E.,  Raei., Vatani, J., Keshavarz, S., &  Hashiani, A. (2011). Survey the Prevalence of Internet Addiction and its Influential Factors in Persian College Student in 2011. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,10 (1), 50-53. (Persian)
Odaci, H. (2011). Academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination as predictors of problematic internet use in university students. Computers & Education Archive, 57(1), 1109-1131.
Pourabdol, S., Sobhi –Gharamaleki, N. & Abbasi, M.(2015). A comparison of academic procrastination and academic vitality in students with and without specific learning disorder. . Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3 (4), 22-38. (Persian)
Rømer Thomsen, K.C.M., J. Linnet, M.L., Kringelbach & Møller, A .(2009). Severity of gambling is associated with severity of depressive symptoms in pathological gamblers. Behavioral Pharmacology, 20(5-6), 527-36.
Saeedi, A., & Shakiba, A. (2009). Psychology and vulnerability of internet communication. Tehran: Sonbole Publication. (Persian)
Sasmaz, T., Oner, S., Kurt, A. O., Yapici, G., Yazici,  A. E., Bugdayci, R., & Sis, M .(2014). Prevalence and risk factors of Internet addiction in high school students. Euoapenr Journal of Public Health,  24(1),15-20.
Schoenfeld, D., & Yan, Z. (2012). Prevalence and Correlates of Internet Addiction in Undergraduate Students: Assessing with Two Major Measures.  International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 2(2), 16-34.
Sodock, B.J., & Sadock VA. (2005). Comprehensive text book of psychiatry, 8th.ed., Philadelphia, Williams & Wilkins, p 994.
Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. )1984(. Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 503-509.
Steel, P., Brothen, T., & Wambach, C. (2001). Procrastination and personality, performance, and mood. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(1), 95-106.
Tsai, H.F., Cheng, S.H., Yeh, T.L., Shih, C., Chen, K.C., Yang, Y.C., Yang, Y. K. (2009). The risk factors of Internet addiction—A survey of university freshmen. Psychiatry Research, 167 (3), 294–299. 
Widyanto, L., Mc Murran, M. (2004). The psychometric properties of the internet addiction test. Cyber Psychology Behavior, 7(4), 443-50.
Wretschko, G. (2006). Problematic internet use, Flow and procrastination in the workplace. MA dissertation in psychology, University of Witwatersrand.
Wu, H., Zhu, K. (2004). Path analysis on related factors causing internet addiction disorder in college students. Chinese Journal of Public health, 20, 1363–1366.
Yen, J.Y., Yen, C.F., Wu, H.Y., Huang, C.J., Ko, C. H. (2011). Hostility in the real world and online: the effect of internet addiction, depression, and online activity.  Cyber psychology Behavior and Social Networking, 14(11), 649-55
Young, K. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. In: Paper presented at the 104th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, August 15, Toronto, Canada.
Young, K. (1998) Caught in the Net: how to recognize signs of Internet addiction and a winning strategy for recovery. New York: Wiley.
Zahedifar, S., Najarian, B., & Shokrkon, H. (2000). Construction and validity of scale for assessing the aggression. Journal of Education and Psychology, 3(7),73-102. (Persian)