The effectiveness of shared concern method in wellbeing of student's victims of bullying

Authors

1 Professor of psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

2 Ph.D student of psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 Ph.D student of psychology, Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch

Abstract

This study examined the effectiveness of shared concern method in wellbeing of student's victims of bullying. The present study is an empirical research with a pilot study performed with a pre-test and post-test. The target population included all secondary school students who had been bullied in Ardabil studied 2015-2016. Thirty students were selected with using the available sampling method that 15 of whom as the experimental group and 15 in control group. The tools that used in this study was Lynda's Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ). Intervention sessions for each person, individually, as well as victims, bullies and teachers was held.  Result of multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) showed that shared concern method had impact of significant on depression, anxiety, stress and happiness in experimental group both at the post-test and follow-up. Therefore, it was concluded that to reduce the problems of student's victims of bullying to be used shared concerned method.

Keywords


برزگر بفرویی، کاظم و خضری، حسن (1392). بررسی میزان شیوعِ انواع زورگویی در مدارس راهنمایی شهرستان یزد از دیدگاه دبیران. مجله تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی، 13(7)، 129-120.
قمری گیوی، حسین؛ سروش‌زاده، سید حسن؛ نادر، مقصود و میکاییلی، نیلوفر (1392). اثر بخشی برنامه پیشگیری از زورگویی اولویس بر زور گویی، مهارت‌های اجتماعی و عزت نفس دانش‌آموزان در مدارس ابتدایی. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی، 3(11)، 75-49.
نریمانی، محمد و ابوالقاسمی، عباس (1384). آزمون‌های روان‌شناختی. اردبیل: انتشارات باغ رضوان.
Argyle, M., Martin, M. & Lu, L. (1995). Testing for stress and happiness: The role of social and cognitive factors. In C. D. Spielberger, & I. G. Sarason. (Eds). Stress and emotion, Washington D. C: Taylor & Francis.
Bachus, A. A. (2010). The relationship between bullying yang behaviors and perceived school connectedness among middle school students. Dissertation, Doctor of Philosophy. Kent State University.
Barzegar Bofroei, K., & Khezri, H. (2013). Prevalence of bullying in middle schools of Yazd city from the perspective of teachers.  Journal of Exceptional Education, 120(7), 15-26. (Persian)
Cheng, Y., Newman, I. M., Ming, Q., Lazarous, M., Chai, Y., Chen, Y, & Shell, D. F. (2010). Being bullied and psychosocial adjustment among middle school students in China. Journal of School Health, 80, 193–199.
Chu, B. C., Hoffman, L., Johns, A., Reyes-Portillo, J., & Hansford, A. (2014). Transdiagnostic behavior therapy for bullying-related anxiety and depression: Initial development and pilot study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
Dake, J. A., Price, J. H., & Telljohann, S. K. (2003). The nature and extent of bullying at school. Journal of School Health, 73, 173–180.
Forero, R., McLellan, L., Rissel, C., & Bauman, A. (1999). Bullying behaviour and psychosocial health among school students in New South Wales, Australia: Cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 19, 344–348.
Ghamarigivi, H., Hasanzadeh, S., Nader, M., & Mikaeili, N. (2013). Effective bullying prevention program Olweus on bullying, social skills and self-esteem in elementary school. Cilinical psychology studies, 11(3), 50-75. (Persian).
Gower, A. L., McMorris, B. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2015). School-level contextual predictors of bullying and harassment experiences among adolescents. Social Science & Medicine147, 47-53.
Haynie, D. L., Nansel, T., Eitel, P., Crump, A. D., Saylor, K., Yu, K., & Simons-Morton, B. (2001). Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of at-risk youth. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 29–49.
Houbre, B., Tarquinio, C., Thuillier, I., & Hergott, E. (2006). Bullying among students and its consequences on health. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 21, 183–208.
Juvonen, J, Esponoza & schacter (2016). Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second Edition). Pages 216–221. ISBN: 978-0-12-397753-3.
Juvonen, J., Graham, S., & Schuster, M. (2003). Bullying among young adolescents: The strong, the weak, and the troubled. Pediatrics, 112, 1231–1237.
Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rimpela, M., Rantanen, P., & Rimpela, A. (2000). Bullying at school – an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 661–674.
Kim, Y. S., Leventhal., B. L., Koh, Y., & Boyce, T. W. (2009). Bullying increased suicide risk: Prospective study of Korean adolescents. Archives of Suicide Research, 13, 15–30.
Klomek, A. B., Sourander, A., & Elonheimo, H. (2015). Bullying by peers in childhood and effects on psychopathology, suicidality, and criminality in adulthood. The Lancet Psychiatry2(10), 930-941.
Kokkinos, C. M., Baltzidis, E., & Xynogala, D. (2016). Prevalence and personality correlates of Facebook bullying among university undergraduates. Computers in Human Behavior55, 840-850.
Kumpulainen, K., Rasanen, E., & Puura, K. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children involved in bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 102–110.
Liaghatdar, M. J., Jafari, E., Abedi, M. R., & Samiee, F. (2008). Reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory among university students in Iran. The Spanish journal of psychology, 11(1), 310-313.
Narimani, M., & Abolghasemi, A. (2005). Psychological tests. Tehran: Rezvan. (Persian).
Orpinas, P., & Horne, A. (2006). Bullying prevention: Creating a positive school climate and developing social competence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Reed, K. P., Nugent, W., & Cooper, R. L. (2015). Testing a Path Model of Relationships between Gender, Age, and Bullying Victimization and Violent Behavior, Substance Abuse, Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 55, 128-137.
Rigby, K. (2012) Bullying interventions in schools: Six basic approaches, John Wiley & Sons.
Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2011). Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Schwartz, D., Gorman, A. D., Nakamoto, J. & Toblin, R. L. (2005). Victimization in the peer group and children’s academic functioning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97,425–435.
Seals, D. L., & Young, J. L. (2003). Bullying and victimization: Prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38,735–747.
Smith, P. K., Madsen, K. C., & Moody, J. C. (1999). What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Toward a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied. Education Research, 41, 267–285.
Valmaggia, L. R., Day, F. L., Kroll, J., Laing, J., Byrne, M., Fusar-Poli, P., & McGuire, P. (2015). Bullying victimisation and paranoid ideation in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia research, 168(1), 68-73.
Verlinden, M., Jansen, P. W., Veenstra, R., Jaddoe, V. W., Hofman, A., Verhulst, F. C., & Tiemeier, H. (2015). Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Oppositional Defiant Problems as Antecedents of School Bullying. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(7), 571-9.
Wang, W., Brittain, H., McDougall, P., & Vaillancourt, T. (2015). Bullying and school transition: context or development? Child abuse & neglect, in press.
Werth, J. M., Nickerson, A. B., Aloe, A. M., & Swearer, S. M. (2015). Bullying victimization and the social and emotional maladjustment of bystanders: a propensity score analysis. Journal of school psychology,53(4), 295-308.
Wolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., & Karstadt, L. (2001). Bullying involvement in primary school and common health problems. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 85, 197-201.
Yen, C. F., Huang, M. F., Kim, Y. S., Wang, P. W., Tang, T. C., Yeh, Y. C.,... & Yang, P. (2013). Association between types of involvement in school bullying and different dimensions of anxiety symptoms and the moderating effects of age and gender in Taiwanese adolescents. Child abuse & neglect37(4), 263-272.
Yen, C. F., Lin, I. M., Liu, T. L., Hu, H. F., & Cheng, C. P. (2014). Mediating effects of depression and anxiety on the relationship between bullying involvement and pain problems among adolescents in Taiwan. Comprehensive psychiatry55(6), 1415-1421.