نقش حافظه ی کاری بر روند تحولی ادراک زمان در کودکان دبستانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار گروه روان-شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی کودک و نوجوان، دانشگاه تبریز

4 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

در این مطالعه، به بررسینقشحافظه ی کاری در روند تحولی ادراک زمان در کودکان 7 تا 12 سال پرداخته شده است. تعداد 120 نفربعنوان نمونه آماری از دانش­آموزان مقطع ابتدایی مدارس شهر رشت (پایۀ اول تا ششم) بر اساس روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای چند  مرحله­ای انتخاب شدند. جهت جمع­آوری داده­ها، از دو آزمون رایانه­ای شامل آزمون حافظه­ی کاری از مجموعه آزمون­های عصبی روانشناختی کمبریج (CANTAB) وآزمون بازتولید زمانی استفاده شد. داده­های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان دادکه بین ادراک زمان کودکان پایه­های مختلف تحصیلی در تکلیف منفرد و دوگانه تفاوت معنی­داری وجود دارد .بهعبارتی دیگر، می توان گفت کهادراک زمان کودکان در تکالیف منفرد و دوگانه در طول رشد بهبود می­یابد. با ورود شاخص­های حافظه ی کاری شامل استراتژی و خطای کل به عنوان متغیر کوواریانس، در تحلیل مانکوا در تکلیف دوگانه، تفاوت معنی­داری بین ادراک زمان کودکان پایه­های مختلف تحصیلی، از نظر آماری مشاهده نشد، به عبارت دیگر، می­توان گفت متغیر حافظه ی کاری بر ادراک زمان کودکان در تکالیف دوگانه در طول رشد اثر داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of working memory in the process of transformation time perception in school-age children

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. A Nazari 1
  • Sh Vahedi 2
  • M Roshandel Rad 3
  • M Kafi 4
1 Associate Professor of University of Tabriz
2 Associate Professor of University of Tabriz
3 Master of Science in Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, University of Gillan
4 Associate Professor of University of Gillan
چکیده [English]

Various studies have shown that many factors influence the length of time perception. This study was aimed to study the changing in perceived time at 7 to 12 year-old children, and to determine the role of working memory on time perception. One hundred-twenty elementary students were selected from Rasht schools (first to sixth grade) through multilevel clustering sampling method. For data collectionpurpose, two tests of CANTAB (SWM) and time reproduction task were used. Data were analyzed by using ofdescriptive statistics, MANOVA and MANCOVA. Findings of the present study indicate that in both single and dual task reproduced time was significantly different in grade groups.In the other words, time perception improved with increasing age. Working memory indices including Strategies and Total errors were enteredas covariant variables in a MANCOVA. Nosignificant difference was found between long-time task and grade groups. This result indicates that working memory affects time perception in dual task with increasing age.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • time reproduction
  • working memory
  • time perception
  • school-age children
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