Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation of inhibitory control, electrical stimulation of the brain and the combination of inhibitory control and electrical stimulation of the brain on executive functions (behavioral inhibition and cognitive flexibility) in children with ADHD

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation of inhibitory control, electrical stimulation of the brain and the combination of inhibitory control rehabilitation and electrical stimulation of the brain on executive functions (behavioral inhibition and cognitive flexibility) in children with ADHD.
Methods: The method of the present study is quasi-experimental with an unbalanced control group design. The quasi-experimental design of the present study was pretest-posttest and follow-up (2 months) with the control group. The study population included all those with ADHD in Arak in the academic year 2009-2010. The sample consisted of 60 8 to 12 year old students in Arak who referred to counseling centers and student psychological services and answered the questionnaire of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Swanson et al. Experimental and control groups were assigned (15 people in each group). The Swanson et al. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire, Hoffman Go / Nero Computer Test, and Wisconsin-Grant and Berg Wisconsin Cards were used to collect research data. The experimental groups received the Negative Inhibitory Cognitive Rehabilitation Program, and electrical stimulation of the brain on the F4 anterior points and a combination of the two. Data were analyzed using SPSS.26 software and mixed covariance analysis with repeated measures.
Results: The results showed that inhibitory cognitive rehabilitation, extracortical electrical stimulation of the brain and combination of inhibitory cognitive electrical stimulation of extracortical cerebral stimulation are effective on behavioral inhibition and cognitive flexibility in children with ADHD (P ≥.0.001). The results of Benferoni post hoc test showed that between intra-group scores of pre-test and post-test (intervention effect), pre-test and follow-up (time effect) and post-test-follow-up (intervention stability) in scores of completion error, completion of classes and wrong answer There is a difference (P ≥.0.001). The results showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups (P≥0.05). However, there is no difference between the experimental groups of cognitive inhibition rehabilitation, electrical brain stimulation and the combination of inhibitory control rehabilitation and electrical brain stimulation.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that inhibitory cognitive rehabilitation, extracortical electrical stimulation of the brain and a combination of the two can be used as a single treatment or in combination with other psychological therapies for children with ADHD.

Keywords


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