The role of loneliness, need for popularity, and behavioral problems in amount of using virtual networks in adolescents

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Payme Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 M.A in Psychology, Education Organization of Ardabil province, Ardebil, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Payme Noor University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of loneliness, need for popularity and behavioral problems in adolescents' use of virtual networks.
Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male and female high school students of Ardebil city in the academic year of 2018-2019, among which 200 were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data collection tools included virtual network questionnaires, Russell's sense of loneliness, Achenbach's behavioral problems of adolescent reporting, and need for popularity. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis.
Result: The results showed that loneliness, need for popularity and behavioral problems were significantly correlated with the use of virtual networks in adolescents (P <0.01). The results of regression analysis also showed that the only variable need for popularity have a significant share in predicting students' use of virtual networks (P <0.01). Loneliness, internalizing syndrome, and externalizing syndrome did not play a significant role in use of virtual networks (P <0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results recommended that the role of need for popularity in adolescence in adolescent behaviors should be considered.

Keywords


بشرپور، سجاد و عینی، ساناز. (1401). تدوین مدل علی سازگاری تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان با ناتوانی یادگیری براساس خودکارآمدی تحصیلی و اشتیاق تحصیلی: نقش میانجی تاب‌آوری تحصیلی. مجله ناتوانی‌های یادگیری، 12(2)، 18-33. https://doi.org/10.22098/jld.2022.7608.1814
بیرامی، منصور؛ موحدی، یزدان و موحدی، معصومه. (1393). ارتباط حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده و احساس تنهایی اجتماعی عاطفی با اعتیاد به اینترنت در جامعه دانشجویی. شناخت اجتماعی، 3(2)، 109-122. [Doi: 20.1001.1.23223782.1393.3.2.8.6]
حسینی، فریده سادات و الماسی، آمنه. (1394). بررسی نقش عزت نفس و احساس تنهایی در اعتیاد به فیس بوک در دانشجویان. فرهنگ در دانشگاه اسلامی، 5(3)، 385-406. http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20170408083152-10114-48.pdf
دلاور، علی. (1396). روش تحقیق در روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی. تهران: نشر ویرایش.
صالحی عمران، ابراهیم؛ عابدینی بلترک، میمنت؛ عزیزی شامی، مصطفی و کشاورز، کوثر. (1397). رابطه بین اعتیاد به اینترنت و افسردگی در بین دانش­آموزان دوره متوسطه دوم شهرستان کردکوی با تأکید بر نوع شبکه­های مجازی. مجله آموزش و سلامت جامعه، 5(1)، 13-18. [Doi: jech.5.1.13 /10.21859]
عینی، ساناز؛ نریمانی، محمد؛ عطادخت، اکبر؛ بشرپور، سجاد و صادقی‌موحد، فریبا. (1397). اثربخشی درمان شناختی- تحلیلی بر قدرت ایگو و روابط موضوعی افراد مبتلا به اختلال شخصیت مرزی. مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی، 29(1)، 1-11.
عینی، ساناز؛ هاشمی، زهره. (1401). اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری بر تعلل ورزی تصمیم گیری و خود کارآمدی تحصیلی دانش آموزان. روانشناسی مدرسه و آموزشگاه، 11(1)، 68-79. https://doi.org/10.22098/jsp.2022.1571
قادری، هلاله؛ نبی­زاده چیانه، قسیم و اسمعلی کورانه، احمد. (1393). سبک های هویت، احساس تنهایی و ترس از صمیمیت در افراد معتاد به اینترنت و افراد بهنجار. مطالعات ملی، 15(4)، 117-136. [Doi: 20.1001.1.1735059.1393.15.60.6.1 ]
کاکابرایی، کیوان؛ حبیبی عسگرآباد، مجتبی و فدایی، زهرا. (1386). هنجاریابی مقیاس مشکلات رفتاری ایشنباخ (YSR): فرم خود گزارشگری 18-11 سال کودک و نوجوان روی دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه. پژوهش در سلامت روان‌شناختی، 1(4)، 50-66. https://www.sid.ir/paper/134045/fa
کاکاوند، علیرضا؛ نیک­اختر، شقایق و سرداری­پور، مهران. (1396). پیش‌بینی اعتیاد به اینترنت بر اساس حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده، احساس تنهایی و هراس اجتماعی. روان‌شناسی مدرسه، 6(1)، 81-98.
مجردی، وحید؛ اسلامی، علی و جمال، سعید. (1393). بررسی وضعیت استفاده از شبکه­های اجتماعی مجازی بین دانشجویان استان خراسان شمالی. فصلنامه دانش انتظامی خراسان شمالی، 85-99. http://www.jiera.ir/article_49519.html
محبی، سلیمان؛ زنجانی، حبیب­الله و ساروخانی، باقر. (1396). تاثیر فضای مجازی بر کجروی اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان (مورد مطالعه دوره دوم متوسطه شهر کرمانشاه در سال تحصیلی 95-94. نشریه علمی دانش انتظامی، 74، 103-124. https://jss.shoushtar.iau.ir/article_529413.html
منشئی، علیرضا و جوانبخت، زهرا. (1395). اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر معنای زندگی و احساس تنهایی نوجوانان مراکز شبه خانواده. فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی، 5(4)، 32-39. https://socialworkmag.ir/article-1-165-fa.pdf
نریمانی، محمد؛ یوسفی، فاطمه و کاظمی، رضا. (1393). نقش سبک‌های دلبستگی و کیفیت زندگی در پیش بینی بهزیستی روان‌شناختی نوجوانان مبتلا به ناتوانی‌های یادگیری. مجله ناتوانی‌های یادگیری، 3(4)، 124-142. 93-3-4-8
 
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). ASEBA school age forms profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, research center for children, youth & families.
Ahmadi, J., Amiri, A., Ghanizadeh, A., Khademalhosseini, M., Khademalhosseini, Z., Gholami, Z., & Sharifian, M. (2014). Prevalence of addiction to the internet, computer games, DVD and video and its relationship to anxiety and depression in a sample of Iranian high school students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 8(2), 75-80.
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Hayat, Z. (2011). The impact of the Internet on the social lives of users: A representative sample from 13 countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 585-589. [Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2010.10.009]
Ang, C. S., & Mansor, A. T. (2012). An empirical study of selected demographic variables on loneliness among youths in Malaysian university. Asia Life Sciences, 21, 107–121. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298080214_An_empirical_study_of_selected_demographic_variables_on_loneliness_among_youths_in_malaysian_university
Ang, C. S., Mansor, A. T., & Tan, K. A. (2013). Pangs of loneliness breed material lifestyle but don’t power up life satisfaction of young people: The moderating effect of gender. Social Indicators Research, 117, 353-365. [Doi: 10.1007/s11205-013-0349-0]
Ardi, R., & Maison, D. (2014). How do Polish and Indonesian disclose in Facebook?: Differences in online self-disclosure, need for popularity, need to belong and self-esteem. Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society, 12(3), 195-218. [Doi: 10.1108/jices-01-2014-0006]
Basharpoor, S., & Eyni, S. (2023). Developing a causal model of academic adjustment of Students with learning disabilities based on academic self-efficacy and academic eagerness: The mediating role of the academic resilience. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 12(2), 18-33. (Persian) https://doi.org/10.22098/jld.2022.7608.1814
Bayraktar, D. M., Hopcan, E. P., & Hopcan, S. (2013). Adoption of social networks and loneliness situations of candidate teachers. HAYEF: Journal of Education, 10(2), 35-45. https://www.hayefjournal.org/en/adoption-of-social-networks-and-loneliness-situations-of-candidate-teachers-16494
Beirami, M., Movahedi, Y., & Movahedi, M. (2014). The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and the Feeling of Social-Emotional loneliness With Internet Addiction in University Students. Social cognition, 3(2), 109-122. (Persian). [Doi: 20.1001.1.23223782.1393.3.2.8.6]
Beyens, I. B., Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1-8. [Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083]
Cao, H., Sun, Y., Wan, Y., Hao, J., & Tao, F. (2011). Problematic internet use in Chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health, 11, 802. [Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-802]
Carbonell, X., Oberst, U., & Beranuy, M. (2013). The cell phone in the twenty-first century: a risk for addiction or a necessary tool? (901 -909). In Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders. San Diego: Elsevier.
De Jong-Gierveld, J., Fokkema, T., & Van Tilburg, T. G. (2011). Alleviating loneliness among older adults: Possibilities and constraints of interventions. In Safeguarding the convoy: A call to action from the campaign to end loneliness (pp. 41-45). Oxon, UK: Age UK Oxfordshire.
Delavar, A. (2017). Research method in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Virayesh. (Persian).
Del Rey, R., Ojeda, M., Casas, J. A.,  Mora- Merchan, J. A., & Elipe, P. (2019). Sexting among adolescents: The emotional impact and influence of the need for popularity. Frontiers in  Psychology, 10, 1828. [Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828]
Einy, S., Narimani, M., Atadokht, A., Basharpoor, S., & Sadeghi Movahhed,  F. (2018). Effectiveness of cognitive analytical therapy on ego-strength and  object relations of persons with borderline personality disorder. Studies in Medical Sciences, 29(1), 1-11. (Persian)
Eyni, S., & Hashemi, Z. (2022). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention on decisional procrastination and academic self- efficacy education the students. Journal of School Psychology and Institutions, 11(1), 68-79. (Persian) https://doi.org/10.22098/jsp.2022.1571
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2015). The impact of daily stress on adolescents depressed mood: The role of  social  support seeking  through  Facebook. Computers  in Human  Behavior, 44, 315-325. [Doi: /10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.070]
Hallahan, D. P., Kauffman, J. M., & Pullen, P. C. (2015). Exceptional learners: An introduction to special education, 13th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Hao, Z., Jin, L., Li, Y., Akram, H. R., Saeed, M. F., Ma, H., & Huang, J. (2019). Alexithymia and mobile phone addiction in Chinese undergraduate students: The roles of mobile phone use patterns. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 51-59. [Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.001]
Hardie, E., & Tee, M.Y. (2007) Excessive Internet use. The role of personality, loneliness and social support networks in Internet addiction. Australian Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society, 5, 34-47.
Hoseiny, F., & Almasy, A. (2015). Investigating the role of self-esteem and loneliness in Facebook addiction in college students. Culture in The Islamic University. 5(3). 385-406. (Persisn). http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20170408083152-10114-48.pdf
Hsieh, K. Y., Hsiao, R. C., Yang, Y. H., Lee, K. H., & Yen, C. F. (2019). Relationship between self-identity confusion and internet addiction among college students: the mediating effects of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 3225. [Doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173225]
Kakabarani, K., Habibi Asgar abad, M., & Fedaei, Z. (2007). Validation of Achenbakh's Behavioral Problems: Performing the Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR) for 11-18 Year-old Adolescents on High School Students. Health Quarterly in Psychological Research, 4(1), 66-50. (Persian). https://www.sid.ir/paper/134045/fa.
Kakavand, A., Nick Akhtar., & Sardaripur, M. (2017). Prediction of student's internet addiction based on perceived social support Feeling of loneliness and social anxiety. Journal of School Psychology, 6(1), 83-100. (Persian). [Doi: 10.22098/JSP.2017.539]
Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M.Y., Yeun, E.J., Choi, S.Y., & Seo, J.S. (2014). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal indeation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal Nursing Studies, 43(2), 185-192. [Doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005]
Koranteng, F. N., Wiafe, I., & Kuada, E. (2018). An empirical study of the relationship between social networking sites and students’ engagement in higher education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1-29. [Doi: 10.1177/0735633118787528]
Kumar, B., & Banik, P. (2019). Social network, Facebook use and loneliness:  A comparative analysis between public and private university students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 4(2), 20-28. [Doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20190402.13]
Lee, C.C., & Chiou, W. B. (2013). Keep logging in! Experimental evidence showing the relation of affiliation needs to the idea of online social networking. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(6), 419-422. [Doi: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0544]
Luna-Cortés, G., López-Bonilla, L. M., & López-Bonilla, J. M. (2019). The influence of social value and self-congruity on interpersonal connections in virtual social networks by Gen-Y tourists. PLOS ONE, 14(6), 1-17. [Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217758]
Manshy, Gh. & Javanbakht, Z. (2016). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Treatment on Meaning of Life and Feeling Lonely of Adolescents in the Alternative Care Center. Quarterly journal of social work, 5(4), 32-39. (Persian). https://socialworkmag.ir/article-1-165-fa.pdf
Milosovic-Dordvic, J. S., & Zezelj, I. L. (2014). Psychological predictors of addictive social networking sites use: The case of Serbia. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 229-234. [Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.018]
Mohebi, S., Zanjani, H., & Sarukhani, B. (2016). A sociological study of the use of virtual space and its effect on social deviance Among the students of the second year of Kermanshah secondary school in the academic year 2015-2016. Scientific Journal of Police Science, 74, 103-124. (Persian). https://jss.shoushtar.iau.ir/article_529413.html
Mojarad, V., Eslami, A., & Saeid, J. (2014). Investigating the use of virtual social networks among students in North Khorasan province.  North Khorasan Police Knowledge Quarterly, 58-99. (Persian). http://www.jiera.ir/article_49519.html
Morrison, C. M., & Gore, H. (2010). The relationship between excessive Internet use and depression: a questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adults. Psychopathology, 43(2), 121-126. [Doi: 10.1159/000277001]
Murad, A., Gul, A., Changezi, R., Naz, A., & Khan, N. (2019). Effects of Facebook usage on the academic performance on the undergraduate students of Quetta city. Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention, 10(2), 70-79. [Doi: 10.22359/cswhi_10_2_10]
Narimani, M., Yosefi, F., & Kazemi, R. (2014). The role of attachment styles and quality of life in predicting psychological well-being in adolescents with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3(4), 124-142. (Persian)
Park, N., Kee, K. F., & Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 12(6),729-733. [Doi: 10.1089/cpb.2009.0003.]
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848. [Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014.]
Qaderi, H., Nabizade Chianeh, Q., & Esmsili Kurane. (2014). Identity Styles, Loneliness and Fear of Intimacy among Internet Addicts and Normal Individuals. National Studies Quarterly, 15(4). 117-136. (Persian). [Doi: 20.1001.1.1735059.1393.15.60.6.1 ]
Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40. [Doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2]
Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook?  An investigation  into  the  relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658 -1664. [Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004]
Salehi Omran, E., Abedini Baltork, M., Azizi Shomami, M,. & Keshavarz, K. (2018). Relationship between Internet Addiction and Depression among Secondary School Students in Kordkuy, Iran, with an Emphasis on the Type of Virtual Network. Journal of Education and Community Health, 5(1). 13-18. (Persian). [Doi: jech.5.1.13 /10.21859]
Tunc-Aksan, A., & Akbay, S. E. (2019). Smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, and perceived competence as predictors of social media addiction of adolescents. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 559-566. [Doi: 10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559]
Utz, S., Tanis, M., & Vermeulen, I. (2012). It is all about being popular: the effects of need for popularity on social network site use. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 15(1), 37-42. [Doi: 10.1089/cyber.2010.0651]
Vilan, K., Goldberg. G.H., & Mary, J. (2014). The typological approach in child and family psychology: A review of theory, methods, and research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6(2), 129-146. [Doi: 10.1023/a:1023734627624]
Zhang, M. W. B., & Ho, R. C. M. (2017). Smartphone applications for immersive virtual reality therapy for internet addiction and internet gaming disorder. Technology and Health Care, 25(2), 367-372. [Doi: 10.3233/THC-161282 ]