A differential distribution of entrepreneurial traits in leftand right-handed students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor of Psychology University of PNU

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch

3 ph.d student of psychology, University of PNU

d_1_3_91_7_1_4

Abstract

The present study aimed at exploring the
relationship between entrepreneurial traits and
handedness among school students in Tehran. This
was a causal-comparative study and data were
collected using records and questionnaires
(Entrepreneurship Character Questionnaire and
Edinburg Handedness Inventory). In this study, the
statistical population comprised all students from the
22 educational zones in Tehran. A sample of 1200
students was selected by a random cluster sampling
procedure and after the distribution of questionnaires,
a total of 1101 questionnaires were returned. In order
to analyze the obtained data, apart from descriptive
techniques such as means, standard deviations and
graphs, multivariate ana;ysis of variance and oneway
analysis of variance were used, Findings
revealed a significant relationship between the
entrepreneurial character traits of riskability and
entrepreneurship success and handedness, with
greater riskability among left- handed participants
than in right-handed participants. However, the
entrepreneurship success seeking trait was found to
be greater in right-handed participants.

Keywords


احمدی مقیم، عباس ( 1386 ). کارآفرینی، همدان: انتشارات فراگیر هگمتانه.
احمدپور داریانی، محمود ( 1381 ). کارآفرینی (تعاریف، نظریات، الگوها)، چاپ چهارم. تهران: انتشارات
. پردیس 57
اصلانی، فرشید ( 1386 ). مقایس هی ویژگ یهای کار آفرینی دانشجویان دانشگا ههای سنتی(حضوری) و از
را هدور (پیام نور) استان اصفها . ن پایاننامه ی کارشناسیارشد رشت هی مدیریت دولتی. دانشگاه پیامنور
مرکز تهران.
،(12) زالی، محمدرضا ( 1389 ). به سوی نظریه ی رهبری وضعی کارآفرینانه، مجل هی توسعه کارآفرین . ی 3
.41-56
ویژه نام هی کارآفری ن، « ؟ آیا امروز هم می توان در ایران کارآفرین بود » .( داوری، دردانه ( 1382
. شماره ی 21
دیداب، سپیده؛ حضوری، محمدجواد و علیپور، احمد ( 1389 ). رابطه سب کهای شناختی گریگوریک با
کارآفرینی در دانشجویان پیام نو . ر پایان نامه ی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران.
سعیدی کیا، مهدی ( 1382 ). آشنایی با کارآفرینی. چاپ اول. تهران: نشر سپاس.
مقیمی، سیدمحمد ( 1371 ). سازمان و مدیریت رویکردی پژوهشی. تهران: نشرترمه، چاپ اول.
هیأت نویسندگان ( 2001 ). مقدمه ای بر کارآفرینی(ترجمه سیامک نطاق، 1383 ). تهران: انتشارات کوهسار،
چاپ سوم.
لطفی، حمید و علیپور، احمد ( 1389 ). مقایسه ی شیوع دست برتری در مقاطع تحصیلی دانشگاهی:
.49-64 ،(1) تفاوت های جنسیتی و آثار علمی- پژوهشی. روا نشناسی معاصر، 5
علیپور، احمد و آگاه هریس، مژگان ( 1386 ). بررسی قابلیت اعتماد و اعتبار پرسشنامه ی دست برتری
. 133  117 ، ادینبورگ در ایران. مجل هی علوم روا نشناختی، 22
علیپور، احمد ؛ آگاه هریس، مژگان و یوسف پور، ناهید ( 1386 ). سرعت بریل خوانی با کدام دست
. 42  34 ، بیشتر است؟ مجل هی پژوهش در حیط هی کودکان استثنائی، 1
علیپور، احمد ( 1385 ). بررسی قابلیت اعتماد و اعتبار آزمون دست برتری چاپمن در دانش آموزان
.205-207 ، راهنمایی. فصلنام هی روا نشناسان ایرانی، 197
کردنائج، اسدالله؛ زالی، محمدرضا؛ شمس، شهابالدین و هومن، حیدرعلی ( 1386 ). ابزار سنجش
ویژگ یهای شخصیتی کارآفرینان ایران . ی تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
هومن، عباس ( 1382 ). راهنمای علم ی پژوهشهای تربیت . ی تهران: مؤسسه فرهنگی منادی تربیت.
مشایخ، فرحناز( 1383 ). بررسی رابطه پایگاه اجتماعی خانواده و میزان روحیه کارآفرینی دانشجویان
دانشگاه شیرا . ز پایان نامه ی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی. دانشگاه شیراز.
Annet, M. (1994). Handedness as a continuos variable with dextral shift: sex, orientation
and family handedness in subgroups of left and right handers. Behavioral Genetics,
14,427-480.
Annet, M. (1992). Spatial ability in subgroups of left- and right–handers. Biritish Journal of
Psychology, 83, 493-515.
Annett, M. (1970). A classification of hand preference by association analysis. British
Journal of Psychology, 61, 303-321.
Annett, M. (2002). Handedness and brain asymmetry: the right shift theory. Hove:
Psychology press.
Brannon, L. (1999). Gender: psychological Perspectives. 2nd ed. Ally and bacon.
Bouckenooghe, D., Cools, E., & Van Den. B. H.(2006). The cognitive style indicator:
development of a new measurement instrument ,Vlerick Leuven Gent Working paper
series, 10, 1 – 51.
Chapman, L. J., & chapman, J. P. (1987). The measurement of handedness. Brain and
Cognition, 6, 175-183.
Coren, S., & Halpern, D.F. (1991). Left-handeness: A marker for decreased survival fitness.
Psychology Bulletin, 109, 90-106.
Casson, Mark.(2003). Entrepreneurship, London: Edward Elgar Kilby, p. (1971).
Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. New York: Free Press.
Cohen, N. (1980). The five ages of the entrepreneur. Venture, 40-42.(c 982364).
Faurie, C. & Raymond, M. (2004). Handedness, homicide and negative frequencydependent
selection. Proceedings of the royal society, 271, s43-s45.
Franks, C. (2007). Gene for left-handedness. The Journal of Molecular Psychiatry, 47, 25-32.
Begly, T. M. & Leylang, D. P. (2001). On predicting some of the people some of the Time:
The search for cross-situational consistencies in behavior. Psychological Review, 81,
506-520.
Hofestede , G. (2005). Cultural Dimensions, www.Greet hofestede.com
Hibbard, J.G. (1996-1997). Handedness, Individual Differences… Human-computer
Interaction. Available online: httto: //bpm….. Indiana. Edu/ scholarship/ hibbard. Shtml.
Jun, Z. (2006). Development of theory on entrepreneurial orientation: Empirical evidences
from Hebei, China and Flanders, Belgium: Ghent University, Department of
management and entrepreneurship , Faculty of Economics and Business Administration,
Doctral thesis in Applied Economic Science.
Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2009). Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology. New York,
NY: Worth publishers.
Kilby, p. (1971). Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. New York: Free Press.
Kuratko, D. and Hodgetts, R. (1989). Entrepreneurship: A Contemporary Approach. (3rd
ed.) NY: The Dryden Press.
Lazer. M. (2003). Entrepreneurship and development. American Economic Review,
38,2,27-83.
Lun dstrom. (2001).The effects of Parntal firm control. A aeinterpretation of findings.
Psychological Bulletin, 90,547-563.
Liu S. S., & Dubinsky, A. J. (2000). Institutional entrepreneurship Apanacea for
universities–in–transition, European Journal of Marketing, 34, 11- 12.
Levander, M., Levander, S.E., & Schalling, D. (1989). Hand preference and sex as
determinants of neuropsychological skill, solving strategy and side preference.
Intelligence, 13, 93-111.
Macniven, E. (1994). Increased prevalence of left-handedness in victims of head trauma.
Brain Injury, 8, 457-462.
Mandal, M.K., & Dutta, T. (2001). Left handedness: Facts and figures across cultures.
Psychology & Developing Societies, 2, 173- 191.
Milenkovic, S. (2004). Left handedness and spire deformities in early adolescence.
European Journal of Epidemiology, 10, 969-972.
Molfese.D.L, Segalowitz, S.J. (1988). Brain lateralization in children. Guilford Press.
Natsopoulos, D., Kiosseoglou, G. & Xerometritou, A. (1992). Handedness and spatial
ability in children: further support for Geschwidn's hypothesis of :pathology of
superiority: and for Annett's theory of intelligence. Genetic, Social and General
Psychology Monographs, 118, 103-126.
Pinel, J.P. (2000). Biopsychology. (4Edition). USA: Allyn & Bacon.
Oldfild, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh
Inventory. Journal of Neuropsychology. 9, 97 -113.
Peters, M., Reimers, S., & Manning, J. T. (2006). Hand preference for writing and
associations with selected demographic and behavioral variables in 255, 100 subjects:
The BBC internet study. Brain and cognition, 62, 177-186.
Raymond, M., & Pontier, D. (2004). Is there geographical variation in human handedness?
Laterality, 9, 35-52.
Rayth, Hardy & Wilson.(2001). The relationship between learning style and cognitive style,
Personality and Indivitual Differences, 30, 609 – 616 .
Ramadhani, M.K. (2006). Pathological left handedness revisited: origins and later life
health outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Utrecht university. Retrieved from
http:// igitur-archive. Library .uu. nl/ dissertations/ 2006-0526-00045/UUindex. Html.
Raymond, M., & Pontier, D. (2004). Is there geographical variation in human handedness?
Laterality, 9, 35-52.
Regal, R. (1996). Right–left orientation, mental rotation, and perspective-taking: when
Journal of School Psychology, Autumn 2012 مجله ی روان شناسی مدرسه، پاییز 1391
Vol.1, No.3/63-81 63-81/ دوره ی 1، شماره ی 3
81
people see from their own viewpoint? Perceptual and Motor skills, 83, 831-842.
Roberts, J.E., & Bell, M. A. (2003). Two– and three–dimensional mental rotation tasks lead
to different parietal mental rotation tasks lead to different parietal laterality for ment and
women. Internationl Journal of psycholophysiology, 20, 235- 246.
Schumpete, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Camlridge, Mass: Hrvard
University Press.
Schein, E. H. (1994). Entreprenurs: what they, re really like. Vocational Education Journal,
64 (80), 42-44. (c 971204).
Taycken & Hogetts.(1997). Psychology and adult learning style inventory 1985, review and
further study of validity and reliability, university–sydney, British journal of
educational psychology, 66, 252 –262.
Wilkinson, J.M., & Carr, T. H. (1987). Strategic hand use preferences and hemispheric
specialization in tactual reading: Impact of the demands of perceptual encoing. Brain
and Language, 32, 97-123.
Wright. L., Hardie, S. M., & Wilson, K. (2009). Handedness and behavioral inhibition:
Left- handedfemales show most inhibition as measured by BIS/BAS self–report.
Personality and individual differences, 46, 20-24.