Comparing attachment styles, loneliness and assertiveness of adolescents as victims of bullying and normal adolescents in 7th and 8th graders

Authors

1 MA of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University

2 Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University

10.22098/jsp.2020.872

Abstract

This study aimed at comparing attachment styles, loneliness and assertiveness of teenagers who were victims of bullying and normal teenagers in the 7th and 8th grades. The research has an ex post facto and 279 students were selected using cluster sampling. The data were gathered via Olvius bullying scale, UCLA loneliness scale, Gambriel/Richie assertiveness scale and RAAS attachment style inventory. After dividing the participants by Olvius questionnaire into two groups as victims of bullying (n = 33) and normal (n = 246), in all groups, the data were collected and calculated through Multivariat Analysis of Variance (MANOA). The results showed that the victims of bullying had higher scores in anxiety and lower scores in feeling of closeness and assertiveness. Also, there were no significant difference between the two groups in the degree of attachment (avoidance attachment) and loneliness with each other. Identifying the psychological characteristics that make teenagers susceptible to accepting the role of a victim is essential in planning for counseling and designing interventions.

Keywords


احدی، حسن و جمهری، فرهاد. (1391). روان­شناسی رشد: نوجوانی، بزرگسالی (جوانی، میانسالی و پیری). تهران: آینده درخشان.
برزگر، کاظم و خضری، حسن. (1392). بررسی میزان شیوع انواع زورگویی در مدارس راهنمایی شهرستان یزد از دیدگاه دبیران. تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی، 13 (7)، 27-15.
دلاور، علی (1391). مبانی نظری و عملی پژوهش در علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، تهران: رشد.
رایس، فیلیپ. (2001). رشدانسان (روا­ن­شناسیرشدازتولدتامرگ) (ویراستچهارم).ترجمه مهشید فروغان (2001). تهران: انتشارات ارجمند.
طبائیان، راضیه؛ امیری، شعله و مولوی، حسین (1390). بررسی ساختار عاملی، پایایی، روایی و روایی تشخیصی مقیاس سنجش روابط همگنان (PQR). فصلنامهآموزشویادگیریدانشگاهشیراز، 3(2)، 83-63.
کمیجانی، مهرناز (1388). مقایسة سبک دلبستگی در نوجوانان عادی و نوجوانان دارای کم توانی ذهنی آموزش پذیر، دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی، 41، 91-69.
نریمانی، محمد؛  یوسفی، فاطمه و کاظمی، رضا (1393). نقش سبک‌های دلبستگی و کیفیت زندگی در پیش بینی بهزیستی روان‌شناختی نوجوانان مبتلا به ناتوانی‌های یادگیری. مجله ناتوانی­های یادگیری، 3(4)، 142-124.
هومن، حیدرعلی (1390). تحلیل داده های چند متغیری در پژوهش رفتاری. ویرایش اول، چاپ سوم، تهران: نشر پیک فرهنگ.
Ahadi, H.,& Jomhari, F. (2012). Growth psychology: adolescence, adulthood (youth, middle age and old). Tehran: Bright future. (Persian)
Barzegar, K., & Khazri, H. (2013). Survey of prevalence of bullying in Yazd secondary schools from the viewpoint of teachers. Exceptional Education, 13 (7), 15-27. (Persian)
Berguno, G. Leroux, P. McAinsh, K. & Shaikh, S. (2004). Children’s experience of loneliness at school and its relation to bullying and the quality of teacher interventions. The Qualitative Report, 9(3): 483-499.
Delaware, A. (2012). Theoretical and Practical Principles of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, Tehran: Growth. (Persian)
Estevez, E. Murgui, S. & Musitu, G. (2009). Psychological adjustment in bullies and victims of school violence. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 24 (4): 473-483.
Fleming, L. C. & Jakobsen, K. H. (2009). Bullying and symptoms of depression in children. Online Journal of Public Health Information, 79(3): 123-35.
Georgiou, S. N & Stavrinides, P. (2008). Bullies, victims and bully-victims: Psychological profiles and attribution styles. School Psychology International, 29 (5), 574-589.
 Hooman, H. A. (2011). Analysis of Multivariate Data in Behavioral Research. First Edition, Third Edition, Tehran: Peak Culture Publishing.(Persian)
Ireland, J. & Power, Ch. (2004). Attachment, emotional loneliness and bullying behavior: A study of adult and young offenders. Aggressive Behavior, 30(4): 298-312.
Komijani, M. (2009). Comparison of attachment style in normal adolescents and educable mentally retarded teens. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 41, 69-91. (Persian)
Narimani, M., Yosefi, F., & Kazemi, R. (2014). The role of attachment styles and quality of life in predicting psychological well-being in adolescents with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3(4), 124-142. (Persian)
Rayner, Ch. (1998). The incidence of Workplace bullying. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology,7(3): 199-208.
Rice, Ph. (2001). Human Growth (The Psychology of Growth from Birth to Death) (Fourth Edition). Translated by Mahshid Foroughan (2001). Tehran: Arjmand Publications. (Persian)
Schafer, M. Korn, S. Smith, P. Hunter, S. Mora-Merchan, J. Singer, M. M. & Van Der Meulen, K. (2004). Lonely in the crowd: Recollections of bullying. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22(3): 379-394.
Sharp, S. & Smith, P. (2002). School Bullying: Insights and Perspectives. Routledge press. Available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=xbWHAgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Tabaeian, R., Amiri, Sh., & Molavi, H. (2011). Investigation of factor structure, reliability, validity and diagnostic validity of the peer relationship rating scale (PQR). Journal of Teaching and Learning Shiraz University, 3 (2), 63-83. (Persian)
Undheim, A. M., & Sund, A.M. (2010). Prevalence of bullying and aggressive behavior and their relationship to mental health problems among 12- to 15-year-old Norwegian adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 803–811.
Woods, S., Done, J., & Kalsi, H. (2009). Peer victimisation and internalising difficulties: the moderating role of friendship quality. Journal of Adolescence, 32 (2), 293-308.
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Trevaskis, S., Nesdale, D., & Downey, G. A. (2014). Relational victimization, loneliness and depressive symptoms: indirect associations via self and peer report of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Youth Adolescents, 43(3), 22-42.